INTRODUCTION

In this day and age we know that the Earth isn't flat, but did you know that it neither is completely round? Besides, how do we do to organise it? The nature organises the Earth creating the seasons, but did the humanity invent any way to organise it? Of course we did. Those and many more things are what you are going to explore in this website.

THE CONDAMINE

The first scientific expeditions of the century were those arising from the debate on the exact form of the earth globe, that is to say, the length of a meridian arc of one degree. These confirmed that the earth was flattened by poles.

This double expedition was organized in 1735 by the Academie des Sciences, who set the front of the trip to the polar regions to mathematicians Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis and Alexis Clairaut, counting as an associate with Anders Celsius, who was able to observe and study the disturbances produced by polar auroras.

In addition, the directors of the trip were Charles Marie de La Condamine, known as "the soul of that French expedition," and Pierre Bouguer, founder of photometry. 

PARALLELS AND MERIDIANS

The parallels are horizontal imaginary lines that have an east-west orentation. They are perpendicular to the earth's axis and decrease in size as you approach the poles.

The line of the equator is known as parallel 0°, which divides our planet into two equal halves:

• The North emisphere
• The South emisphere

The parallels are organized from 0° in the equator up to 90° at the North Pole and at the South Pole. The parallels allow us to define the latitude of a point at the earth, it's means, their position at Norh or at South of the parallel from equator (parallel chosen as reference).

Therefore, the latitude of a point can be defined as the distance between the parallel of a place and the equador, taken as the origin.

The meridians are vertical imaginary lines (or circles) that go from the North Pole to the South Pole. Each Meridian, with their respective antimeridian forms a cricle.

The reference Meridian is the Meridian 0 °, or Greenwich mean time; their antimeridian is 180 °.

• Both meridians form a circle that divides the Earth into Western hemisphere and Eastern hemisphere.
• Meridians are numbered from 0° to 180°, eastward and westward, completing 360° in total.

The meridians indicate the length, which is the distance measured in degrees from any point on Earth East or West of the 0 ° Meridian.

THE SEASONS

TRADITIONAL ASIAN / IRISH METHOD

The traditional astronomical method there is a lag with the data of the temperature the autumn here is warmer than the spring. 

The seasons are due to the inclination of the axis of rotation of the Earth with respect to the plane of its orbit with respect to the Sun 

In the equatorial regions of the Earth, the seasons are only two: the dry season and the rainy season; the rainfall regime varies, but the temperature does not vary much 

THE CAUSE OF THE SEASONS

The axis of the Earth has an inclination of 23.45º, the consequence is that the Sun, in its route along the ecliptic during a year

The inclination of the Earth's axis is responsible for changes in the height of the Sun over the horizon and the succession of climatic situations that give rise to the seasons 

SEASONAL CLIMATE CHANGES 

One of the main reasons why the temperature varies so much in the temperate zones throughout the seasons, is how the energy coming from the Sun can effectively heat the Earth's surface 

This means that during the winter receives less than half of the energy it receives during the summer, which is why the environment is colder. 

HOW ARE THE SEASONS ON OTHER PLANETS?

The passage of the seasons, especially in the temperate regions of the Earth, implies the alternation of a series of climatic and meteorological changes that are part of the life cycle of many ecosystems on our planet. 

Last but not least