EARTH'S MOVEMENTS
HISTORY INTRODUCTION
The geocentrism was the first theory developed about the solar system's order. Geocentric system, it is a belief in which Earth is assumed to be at the centre of all. The most highly developed geocentric system was that of Ptolemy of Alexandria (2nd century CE). It was generally accepted until the 16th century, after which it was superseded by heliocentric models such as that of Nicolaus Copernicus.
Nicolas Copernicus revolutionized the way we understood the Universe by presenting a model in the 17th century in which the Earth revolved around the Sun. Before there was a theory which was the geocentric which explained that the earth was in the center of the universe. Nicolas's new theory was that the sun was in the center of the universe (Heliocentric).
Edmund Halley: He was the first scientific to have the ability of calculating the trajectory of a comet. The comet had an elliptic trajectory which passed by the Earth once and was spotted by different persons like, for example, Johann Müller Regiomontanus, another scientific. The comet has passed several times over the earth because the movement (orbit) of said calculated comet is elliptical.
Robert Hooke: He was a scientific know for the ability to calculate the elasticity of a rope which isn't inextensible using the laws of newton of forces like the second law of action and reaction. Thanks to him other things that have relation with mechanical things that need an extensible rope, like for example the end of the elevator to avoid its impact.
Christopher Wren: He was an important scientific that invented the filar micrometer which is quite important for the observations in astronomy and telescopes. This invention helped to observe the moon for example, as he did. A part of improving the view distance of the telescope he also improved the microscope.
Isaac Newton: Isaac Newton was a tremendous important scientific in physics because he explained the laws of forces which now a days are called the three laws of newton. He is very important because his laws are the ones we use now a days to build several things such as elevators, inclined flat, etc.... The three laws are:
1. - Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.
2. - The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.
3. - For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Richard Norwood: Richard Norwood was known for the explanation of math such as trigonometry. He as an important mathematic for trigonometry he was interesat6ed in triangles and how to explain it.
Jean Picard: He was an astronomer which was known for the approval of Isaac Newton's laws, meaning that he confirmed that the laws are true.
Giovanni Cassini: He was an important astronomer because he calculated the diurnal rotation of Venus, also he discovered other satellites of said planet.
Jacques Cassini: He was an important astronomer which was known for his discoveries of the lunar crater and because of an asteroid
All this Scientifics are important in astronomy and their knowledge helps to calculate the rotation of the Earth. All of them are quite relevant in the field of astronomy but the most important of all this Scientifics is Isaac Newton because of his three laws of Newton.
KNOWLEDGE NOWADAYS
The movements that the Earth makes can be their own, because the Earth moves by itself. Also, it can move in the universe because the Milky Way moves. And addition of that, it moves within the Milky Way itself because the Sun moves in a whirlpool in the Galaxy. There are five movements: translation, rotation, precession and nutation.
In ancient times, there was a theory that said that the Earth was the centre of the universe for that reason, it did not move and it was the planets that revolved around it. This theory is known as Geocentrism. But, thanks to the great scientists who questioned this fact, like Nicolaus Copernicus, they began to make theories about the movements and the shape of our planet. All this contributed to obtain the current information that we have about the movements of the Earth.
False distance: In summer we are more distant from the Sun than in winter. The inclination of the solar rays that strike perpendicular is what makes the summer hot, not the distance from the Sun. It is also the reason that there are more hours in summer.
Leap year: The Earth takes 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45 seconds to make a full turn on its axis of translation. Therefore, every four years we have a leap year in which February has one more day.
- Equinoxes and solstices: when the Earth reaches the end of the major axis of the ellipse formed by its movement of translation, the solstices happen: the winter and the summer solstices which are the beginning of these two seasons. When it coincides with the minor axis, the equinoxes occur, as do the solstices but with autumn and spring. The solstices and equinoxes are different in each hemisphere due to the tilt of the Earth.
Rotation: it is the movement of the Earth around its axis and it takes a day, that is, 24 hours. This creates day and night.
Nutation: this nutation movement is the periodic oscillation of the axis of rotation around its average position in the celestial sphere. This movement occurs because of the force exerted by terrestrial gravity and the attraction between the Moon, the Sun and the Earth. The nutation period lasts 18, 6 year
Precession: This is the slow and gradual change that the Earth has in the orientation of the axis of rotation. It directly affects the inclination with which the Sun's rays reach the Earth's surface. Currently this axis has an inclination of 23.43 degrees. This indicates that the axis of rotation of the Earth does not always point to the same star (Polar). A complete turn in the axis of precession takes about 25,700 years.
EXPERIMENT
WHO WE ARE?
We are a group of students of Florida, that are very interested on science and all related about space.
I am Pau Ferrer, I like do sport, like soccer, basketball, when I my have free time I do taekwondo with friends of Alfafar, my favorite color is red.
I am the oldest one of my family, I have a sister and a brother.
I want to be an engineer. The very best engineer of the world.
My name is Laura Peñarubia, I have 16 years old, my favorite activity is taking a nap. I can read 100 pages of any book in less 1 hour, because i have experience in this kind of activity.
I have an elder brother, my favorite color is yellow, I study very hard for the exams, except languages because they are very easy.
My name is Claudia Ramírez, I am elite athlete, my favorite sport is cycling, I am form Picanya, i have a younger brother that he is too a elite athlete.
I love apple because the phones that they release are cool. My favorite color is pink and my favorite food is pizza.
In the future i want to be an english teacher.
My name is Edwin Makoveev Routskaia, I m very lazy person, I live in Catarroja, my favorite color is black. I know 4 languages, that is Spanish, Russian, Valencian and English. My father and mother are from Belarus.
In my free time I play on my computer or see some films. I have an eldest brother, but he don't study anything and he isn' t working at this moment.
Hello, my name is Christian Maya Ragozin. My father is from USA and my mother from Russia.
I like swimming but when I will be on second bachiller I will left from my swimming club, because i want be an aerospace engineer, but it request too much note, so i will be studying hard.
I am now a elite athlete, because i placed 2 of Spain in a test, even though i was last in another test.
My favorite color is blue and my favorite brand is Hollister and Adidas.